Fetch data from another table with a custom 'not found' message — smarter than VLOOKUP
=XLOOKUP(A2,Sheet2!A:A,Sheet2!B:B,"Not found")
Find a value where BOTH a row and column header must match — like a price matrix
=INDEX(B2:E10,MATCH(A2,A2:A10,0),MATCH(B1,B1:E1,0))
Get the most recent entry in a column — great for running balances or latest status
=LOOKUP(2,1/(A:A<>""),A:A)
Look up and return a column to the LEFT of your lookup column — impossible with VLOOKUP
=INDEX(A:A,MATCH(D2,C:C,0))
Find a row where a cell CONTAINS your search term (not exact match)
=XLOOKUP("*"&A2&"*",B:B,C:C,"Not found",2)
Sum values meeting multiple conditions without array entry — more powerful than SUMIFS
=SUMPRODUCT((A2:A100="East")*(B2:B100="Q1")*(C2:C100))
Cumulative sum that grows as you go down — for tracking budgets, inventory, or progress
=SUM($B$2:B2)
Rank values in a list, handling duplicates cleanly without same rank appearing twice
=SUMPRODUCT((B2>$B$2:$B$100)/COUNTIF($B$2:$B$100,$B$2:$B$100))+1
Average that gives more importance to some values — used in grading, finance, logistics
=SUMPRODUCT(B2:B10,C2:C10)/SUM(C2:C10)
Show each row's value as a percentage of the grand total — for contribution analysis
=B2/SUM($B$2:$B$100)
Split a full name into first and last — when you have 'John Smith' in one cell
=LEFT(A2,FIND(" ",A2)-1) OR =MID(A2,FIND(" ",A2)+1,100)
Remove all non-numeric characters from messy phone number formats
=TEXTJOIN("",TRUE,IF(ISNUMBER(--MID(A2,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(A2))),1)),MID(A2,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(A2))),1),""))
Extract any specific word from a sentence — useful for parsing structured text fields
=TRIM(MID(SUBSTITUTE(A2," ",REPT(" ",100)),(2-1)*100+1,100))
Count how many words are in a cell — for character limits, form validation
=LEN(TRIM(A2))-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(TRIM(A2)," ",""))+1
Join values from multiple cells with a comma or separator, skipping blanks automatically
=TEXTJOIN(", ",TRUE,A2:A10)
Calculate exact age in years from a date of birth — always current as of today
=DATEDIF(A2,TODAY(),"Y")
Count business days between two dates, excluding weekends and optionally holidays
=NETWORKDAYS(A2,B2,holidays)
Move a date forward by N months — handles month-end edge cases correctly
=EDATE(A2,3)
Get the first or last date of any month — for monthly reporting periods
=EOMONTH(A2,0) OR =EOMONTH(A2,-1)+1
Calculate how many days remain before a deadline — shows negative if overdue
=B2-TODAY()
Replace complex nested IF chains with IFS — much easier to read and maintain
=IFS(A2>=90,"A",A2>=80,"B",A2>=70,"C",A2>=60,"D",TRUE,"F")
Wrap any formula to show a custom message instead of #N/A, #VALUE!, or #DIV/0!
=IFERROR(your_formula_here,"Not found")
Mark duplicate values in a column — use in conditional formatting or as a helper column
=COUNTIF($A$2:$A$100,A2)>1
Assign 'High/Medium/Low' or traffic light labels based on numeric thresholds
=IF(A2>80,"🟢 High",IF(A2>50,"🟡 Medium","🔴 Low"))
Calculate what percentage of rows meet a condition — for pass rates, completion rates
=COUNTIF(B:B,"Complete")/COUNTA(B:B)
Extract all unique values from a column into a clean list — no duplicates, no blanks
=UNIQUE(FILTER(A2:A100,A2:A100<>""))
Return top N values AND their associated names together as a sorted table
=SORT(FILTER(A2:B100,RANK(B2:B100,B2:B100,0)<=5),2,-1)
Show only rows matching complex conditions — like an instant query/filter without VBA
=FILTER(A2:D100,(B2:B100="Active")*(C2:C100>1000))
Count DISTINCT unique values that match a condition — a common reporting need
=SUMPRODUCT((B2:B100="Active")/COUNTIFS(A2:A100,A2:A100,B2:B100,"Active"))
Show where a value falls in a distribution — what percentile is this person/product at?
=PERCENTRANK($B$2:$B$100,B2)*100
Smooth out noisy data with a rolling average — great for trend analysis
=AVERAGE(OFFSET(B2,-MIN(ROW(B2)-ROW($B$2),2),0,MIN(ROW(B2)-ROW($B$2)+1,3),1))